分类： sangna

Jing Guo Zi Fa [2022] No.5

District governments and relevant municipal departments:

　　In order to implement the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments’ "Several Policies on Promoting the Recovery and Development of Difficult Industries in the Service Industry" (No.271 [2022] of the Development and Reform Commission) and other relevant requirements, with the consent of the municipal government, we hereby make a good notice on the reduction and exemption of housing rent for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in the service industry in this Municipality as follows:

　　First, the object of relief

　　This notice is applicable to small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households (hereinafter referred to as small and micro enterprises) in the service industry who are registered in Beijing or pay taxes in Beijing and rent state-owned houses in government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises (including state-owned holding enterprises and state-owned enterprises). The scope of the service industry can be identified by the National Bureau of Statistics’ Classification of National Economic Industries in 2017 (GB/T 4754—2017) and the Notice on Amending the Provisions on Three Industrial Divisions (2012) (Guo Tong Design Management Letter [2018] No.74). The scope of small and micro enterprises can be identified by referring to the inquiry module of the directory of small and micro enterprises on the official website of the State Administration of Market Supervision, or by the proof materials provided by the lessee that meet the classification standards of Notice on Printing and Distributing the Classification Standards for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (No.300 [2011] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) and Notice on Printing and Distributing the Classification Standards for Financial Enterprises (No.309 [2015] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology).

　　Second, the relief requirements

　　In 2022, the state-owned houses listed as high-risk areas in the epidemic area will be exempted from the rent for six months in 2022 according to the rent standard agreed in the house lease contract; Rent for other areas will be reduced for 3 months. The relief work should be basically completed in the first half of the year; If the medium and high risk areas added after the issuance of this Notice need to be supplemented and reduced to 6 months, they will be completed within 2 months from the time they are listed as medium and high risk areas. If the lessee’s actual lease term is less than one year in 2022, it will enjoy the reduction and exemption in proportion to the actual lease term. If the lease contract involves special circumstances such as rent-free period, it shall be agreed by both parties through consultation.

　　Third, the way of relief

　　State-owned housing rental units can take free, refund and other ways to reduce rent. After both parties reach an agreement through consultation, it can also be implemented in other ways such as extending the lease term of the contract free of charge according to the reduction standard. For the houses that are subletted, if the sublessors are government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises in this Municipality, the lessor and the sublessor shall reduce or exempt the rent for the sublessor and the final lessee respectively according to the rent standards agreed in the lease contract; If the sublessor is not the above-mentioned state-owned unit, the state-owned housing rental unit shall reduce the rent for the sublessor according to the standard, and require the sublessor to reduce all the rent reduced to the small and micro enterprises that are finally leased by signing a reduction agreement with the sublessor and the final lessee, and advocate the sublessor to share the reduction amount reasonably. If the sublessor intercepts or refuses to cooperate with the rent reduction and exemption without reason, the state-owned housing rental unit may stipulate in the reduction and exemption agreement that it should be included in the "blacklist" of state-owned housing lease, its behavior should be exposed or the lease contract should be terminated in advance.

　　Fourth, the relief process

　　(1) Inform

　　State-owned housing rental units shall promptly take the initiative to inform the lessee of the reduction and exemption policy, application process, application material requirements, contact information and other information.

　　(2) Application

　　Eligible small and micro enterprises apply to the lessor, and provide relevant certification materials for small and micro enterprises in time according to the lessor’s requirements, and bear corresponding legal responsibilities for the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the above information.

　　(3) Acceptance

　　State-owned housing rental units shall promptly accept the application for rent reduction and inform the audit results. Do not meet the conditions for relief, should be informed in a timely manner and make a good policy explanation.

　　(4) reduction or exemption

　　State-owned housing rental units to fulfill the relevant decision-making procedures (including the municipal administrative organs and institutions reported to the competent authorities for approval), signed relevant agreements with relevant parties, do a good job in archiving relevant materials, and according to the agreement to reduce rent.

　　The specific process can be implemented with reference to Annex 1 or further refined.

　　V. Support measures

　　Implement preferential tax policies for small and micro enterprises. The rent reduction and exemption of housing owners, in line with the current property tax, urban land use tax reduction and exemption policies, shall be reduced according to law. For small and micro enterprises that rent non-state-owned houses and cannot get rent relief, the local district government can give appropriate assistance in light of the actual situation. State-owned enterprises and institutions whose operating performance is affected by rent reduction and exemption shall be recognized by the higher authorities in the assessment according to the actual situation.

　　VI. Relevant requirements

　　(a) a clear division of responsibilities. State-owned housing rental units are the main body to implement rent reduction and exemption, and all districts, institutions and municipal enterprises are responsible for organizing the state-owned units under their management to carry out rent reduction and exemption. Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Organs Affairs, Zhongguancun Administrative Committee of Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Economic Development Zone Administrative Committee, Municipal Cultural Resources Center and other units shall do a good job in centralized supervision and guidance according to their duties.

　　(2) Establish a working mechanism. All districts, government agencies, institutions and municipal management enterprises should find out the housing lease situation of the state-owned units under their management as soon as possible, formulate work plans, clarify the responsible departments, strengthen supervision and inspection, optimize the relief procedures, proactively disclose information such as contact information, work flow and application materials requirements to the lessee, and conscientiously make policy answers. Departments with heavier relief tasks can set up special service windows to improve the efficiency of relief. Within 7 working days from the date of issuance of this notice, all districts, institutions and municipal enterprises involved in rent reduction and exemption for small and micro enterprises shall submit the Contact Form for Rent Reduction and Exemption of State-owned Houses in this Municipality (see Annex 2) to the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the Municipal Bureau of Organs Affairs and the municipal state-owned assets supervision and administration institutions respectively. All districts, Municipal Bureau of Organs and Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Institutions shall, before the 1st day of each month, summarize the progress of the system reduction and exemption and submit the Statistical Table of Rent Reduction and Exemption of State-owned Houses (see Annex 3) to the Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission.

　　(3) Operating in compliance with the law. All units should resolutely guard against illegal operations in rent reduction and exemption, and strictly guard against behaviors such as interest transfer, abuse of power, abuse of power for personal gain, and black-box operation. All districts and departments shall timely carry out special supervision and inspection.

　　VII. Other matters

　　Other institutions that are not within the scope of application of this Notice but whose business format and scale meet the relevant standards of small and micro enterprises in the service industry, which are indeed difficult to operate due to the impact of the epidemic and make demands for rent reduction, the relevant state-owned housing rental units can be included in the scope of reduction and exemption after performing relevant procedures in combination with the relevant provisions of state-owned assets supervision and their own reality, and implement reduction and exemption with reference to this Notice. Encourage non-state-owned housing rental entities in the region to share the losses caused by the epidemic reasonably on the basis of equal consultation.

　　Where there are other provisions in laws, regulations and articles of association concerning listed companies, such provisions shall prevail; Collective enterprises in this Municipality may refer to this notice; The rent reduction and exemption of houses outside Beijing by government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises at all levels in this Municipality shall be implemented with reference to local policies.

　　From January 1, 2022 to the date of issuance of this notice, this city is listed as a medium-high risk area, including Chaoyang District, Fengtai District, Fangshan District and Daxing District. The adjustment of subsequent high-risk areas in this Municipality shall be subject to the publication of "the State Council Client applet".

　　The right to interpret this notice belongs to the issuing unit.

　　Attachment: 1. Operational Guidelines for Small and Micro Enterprises and Individual Industrial and Commercial Houses in this Municipality to Apply for Rent Reduction of State-owned Houses in 2022.

　　　　　2 the city’s state-owned housing rent relief work contact table

　　　　　3 state-owned housing rent relief statistics

State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　　　　

beijing finance bureau　　　　

Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee　　　　

Beijing municipal organ affairs management bureau　　　　

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Beijing Municipal Taxation Bureau　　　　

Administrative Committee of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone　　　　

Beijing State-owned Cultural Assets Management Center　　　　

April 22, 2022　　

Cctv newsAccording to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, according to a survey of 69,000 cultural and related industrial enterprises above designated size (hereinafter referred to as "cultural enterprises"), in 2022, cultural enterprises realized an operating income of 12,180.5 billion yuan, an increase of 0.9% over the previous year.

　　In terms of formats, the operating income of 16 industry subcategories with obvious characteristics of new cultural formats reached 4,386 billion yuan, up 5.3% over the previous year and 4.4 percentage points faster than that of all cultural enterprises above designated size.

　　By industry category, the operating income of news information service was 1,446.4 billion yuan, up by 3.3% over the previous year. Content creation and production reached 2,616.8 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4%; Creative design service was 1,948.6 billion yuan, down by 0.2%; Cultural communication channels were 1,312.8 billion yuan, down by 1.0%; Cultural investment operation was 50.4 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2%; Cultural entertainment and leisure services reached 114.1 billion yuan, down by 14.7%; Cultural auxiliary production and intermediary services were 1,651.6 billion yuan, down by 0.6%; The production of cultural equipment was 690.4 billion yuan, up by 2.1%; The output of cultural consumption terminals was 2,349.4 billion yuan, an increase of 0.3%.

　　In terms of industrial types, the operating income of cultural manufacturing industry was 4,478.1 billion yuan, an increase of 1.2% over the previous year; Cultural wholesale and retail trade was 1,937.6 billion yuan, down by 1.2%; The cultural service industry was 5,764.8 billion yuan, an increase of 1.4%.

　　In terms of fields, the operating income of cultural core areas [3] was 7,489.1 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3% over the previous year; Cultural-related fields reached 4,691.4 billion yuan, an increase of 0.2%.

　　In terms of regions, the eastern region realized an operating income of 9,171.4 billion yuan, an increase of 0.1% over the previous year; The central region was 1,826.9 billion yuan, an increase of 5.8%; 1,079.3 billion yuan in the western region, an increase of 0.5%; Northeast China was 102.9 billion yuan, down by 1.0%.

　　Xinhuanet Beijing, August 28th (Wang Kunshuo, Zhang Xinxin) Every autumn and winter, the flu will "arrive as scheduled", but its severity is still underestimated. At the 2019 academic exchange meeting on seasonal influenza prevention and control strategies sponsored by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and supported by Sanofi Pasteur, experts attending the meeting reminded that influenza vaccination is the most effective means to prevent influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications among vaccinators.

　　Influenza is not a common cold, and its harm is underestimated.

　　As an acute respiratory infectious disease, influenza is not a common cold. Influenza virus directly attacks human respiratory system, which can cause many serious life-threatening complications such as viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and so on.

　　Influenza virus is changeable, and it will appear in a brand-new appearance every winter, causing seasonal epidemic. Influenza and its complications have always been seriously underestimated by the whole society. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the seasonal epidemic of influenza can cause 290,000 to 650,000 deaths worldwide every year.

　　Feng Luzhao, Director of Respiratory Infectious Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Department, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Feng Luzhao, director of the Respiratory Infectious Diseases Department of the Infectious Diseases Department of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the disease burden of influenza is very serious, and the incidence of influenza in the whole population can reach 5%-10% every year, and children can reach about 20%.

　　It is understood that the high-risk population of influenza is divided into two categories: one is the population with high risk of serious complications of influenza, including the elderly over 60 years old, children aged from school age to 5 years old in June, pregnant women and patients with chronic diseases; The second category is people with high exposure risk, including school students and medical workers.

　　Feng Luzhao said that the current statistics of the number of cases and deaths can not fully reflect the true level of influenza, and the number of influenza patients diagnosed is less than the actual number of cases. At the same time, it also involves the attribution of death caused by influenza.

　　"The flu will cause serious complications such as pneumonia, and it will also aggravate other chronic diseases of patients themselves. These patients who died will not be classified as flu deaths, but will be blamed for their complications, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes complications, etc." Feng Luzhao said.

　　Strengthening vaccination awareness and improving vaccine value cognition

　　At present, vaccination is the most economical and effective intervention measure for influenza prevention and control, and vaccination for high-risk groups is recommended first.

　　Dr. Lance E. Rodewald, Senior Advisor, Immunization Program, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　It is reported that since 2007, Beijing has carried out a large-scale free vaccination campaign among local registered elderly and primary and secondary school students over 60 years old in order to effectively control and prevent influenza and protect public health.

　　For patients with chronic diseases, Dr. Rodewald, senior consultant of immunization program of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, thinks that many pilot studies including China can be used for reference: for example, if influenza vaccination is included in the nursing standards of patients with chronic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, etc., doctors should first realize the importance of influenza vaccination in avoiding the aggravation of the disease.

　　Du Xin, director of the Department of Cardiology, anzhen hospital, Capital Medical University.

　　In this regard, Du Xin, director of the Department of Cardiology, anzhen hospital, Capital Medical University, said that influenza vaccine can prevent myocardial infarction. She cited the evidence mentioned in the paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine: influenza is clearly related to myocardial infarction, which will increase the risk of myocardial infarction by six times.

　　"We have done a wide range of statistics, 33% of the hospitalized patients with heart failure in China were induced by infection, including the flu. If you want to control the infection from the source, controlling the flu is also a very important factor. " Du Xin said.

　　However, the importance of influenza vaccine has not been fully recognized by the whole society. At present, the total coverage of influenza vaccine in China is less than 2%.

　　Du Xin said that there are even a small number of grassroots doctors and community doctors who think that people suffering from cardiovascular diseases cannot be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Medical staff need to raise their awareness of the value of vaccines and help patients reduce their misunderstanding of influenza vaccines.

　　"In the future, I think that doctors should recommend influenza vaccination in the doctor’s advice to high-risk patients including cardiovascular diseases, which will be of great help to improve the vaccination rate and reduce the acute attacks of some patients with chronic diseases." Du Xin said.

　　"I hope that China can speed up the introduction of more products and better help key populations improve vaccine protection." Feng Luzhao believes that the support at the national level is of great significance to improving the vaccination rate. In order to strengthen people’s understanding of the necessity of influenza vaccination, it is necessary to vigorously carry out health education, encourage the strengthening of investment in public vaccines, promote the policy of benefiting the people, and further build a more convenient and accessible vaccination service system.

　　Medical staff are high-risk groups of influenza, so we should strengthen protection.

　　Medical staff themselves are highly exposed to influenza, but their awareness of influenza prevention and control needs to be improved. Du Xin learned from personal experience that the influenza vaccination rate of medical staff is relatively low.

　　"Many medical staff, like the general public, are also lucky enough to think that influenza vaccine is a preventive measure, and it is just as well not to vaccinate. But in fact, medical staff will encounter many patients during the consultation. They are always in a state of high exposure to the virus, and the risk of infection in the flu season is 3-4 times higher than that of the general population. "

　　Du Xin believes that doctors and nurses, especially those working in emergency departments and departments related to respiratory diseases, belong to high-risk groups of influenza. "How to make our medical staff and the whole society realize the preventive value of influenza vaccine is a task that we need to work hard together and the government needs to continue to strengthen guidance."

　　The public still has misunderstandings about influenza vaccine.

　　At present, the public still has misunderstandings about influenza vaccine, such as ineffective vaccination effect and inability to prevent influenza. In this regard, Feng Luzhao said that influenza vaccine is recommended according to the strains predicted by WHO every year and needs to be vaccinated every year. In this case, first of all, it is not excluded that the recommended strains are not completely matched with the actual epidemic viruses, so the vaccination effect of influenza vaccine will be different every year.

　　"This is limited by the current technology, and it cannot be accurately predicted. The universal flu vaccine has not yet been developed. However, if the matching rate is good, the protective effect of the vaccine can reach 70-80%. If the matching is not good, the protective force can only reach 20-30%. " Feng Luzhao said.

　　In addition, the effect of the vaccine is related to the vaccination rate. Feng Luzhao said that if the vaccine has a moderate protective effect of 50%, as long as the vaccination rate is high enough, it can still form an immune barrier, reduce the incidence rate and reduce the medical expenses of individuals and countries.

　　Secondly, many respiratory viruses and bacteria, such as respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, or streptococcus pneumoniae infection, can cause symptoms similar to influenza. Influenza vaccination can prevent influenza virus infection, but it can’t prevent respiratory tract infection or common cold caused by other viruses. In fact, many people still have cold symptoms after being vaccinated with influenza vaccine, but it is not the flu.

　　Influenza vaccine is not recommended in priority. It should be vaccinated before the flu season.

　　The flu season is high in autumn and winter, and it reaches its peak in January. Talking about the best time for vaccination, Feng Luzhao believes that people had better get the flu vaccine before the epidemic season comes. During this period, it will take several weeks to produce antibodies after vaccination to ensure the protection of human body before the peak period of infection risk comes; Even if the vaccination is not completed before the arrival of the flu, as long as there is no flu infection, people can be vaccinated throughout the epidemic season. "Early vaccination is better than late vaccination, and late vaccination is better than no vaccination." Feng Luzhao said.

　　In addition, in view of the fact that babies under 6 months old can’t be vaccinated with influenza vaccine, family members and caregivers of children are recommended to be vaccinated, so as to provide a safe and secure nursing environment for children, and pregnant women are encouraged to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine to prevent influenza attack.

　　Feng Luzhao said that according to the "Technical Guide for Influenza Vaccination in China (2018-2019)", people who can be vaccinated with different types of vaccine products from different manufacturers can voluntarily vaccinate any kind of influenza vaccine, and there is no priority recommendation. At present, influenza vaccine has been listed, and residents can make an appointment and vaccinate at the inoculation point of the community health service center in their jurisdiction.

According to City Channel, on December 18th, Xiao Chan, a 22-year-old female teacher in Nanyang, Henan Province, was a female teacher who had just worked for one year. She was excellent in both character and learning since she was a child. Because she bought food once, her life stopped in a traffic accident on November 20th forever.

Xiao Chan menstruation said that the child left too suddenly. "There is a big hole in the head, and the nose and mouth are full of blood."

"The sky at home seems to have collapsed, and I still think about my daughter as if she were alive." Xiao Chan’s father told reporters that Xiao Chan was knocked down by an "old man’s music". After being hit, Xiao Chan was dragged for several meters because the car didn’t stop. Finally, the chassis girder of the car is pressed against Xiao Chan’s head.

It is reported that this accident caused one death and one injury. The perpetrator was an old man in his 70 s. The road traffic accident certificate showed that Li violated three regulations and took full responsibility for this accident.

"I am in my 70 s, and I don’t turn on my headlights at night. I didn’t stop after hitting someone." Xiao Chan’s mother said.

Xiao Chan’s parents told reporters that after the accident, they did not see the party who caused the accident, but only met the family of the old man Li with the help of the traffic police department. There was no progress in the on-site negotiation, and there was no news after that. Li’s family did not come to express their apologies.

The reporter and Xiao Chan’s family found Li’s daughter. The other party said that her father was not at home, and she couldn’t do anything about it. "My father is in poor health now, and he has a problem with cerebral hemorrhage. He was suddenly frightened and then his blood pressure was high."

Li’ s daughter said that she knew that he had a disease, but there was nothing at ordinary times, so she asked her father to drive. The reporter asked the other party what his attitude was to this matter, and Li’s daughter said, "I am very sorry about this."

Xiao Chan menstruation disagreed. "I was hit like this. I didn’t see anyone in your family go to my sister’s house to see it. No one went to the hospital to see it. No one saw you repent."

Li’ s daughter thinks that she can’ t bear this alone, and she doesn’ t contact her father at ordinary times. "It’ s nothing, I don’ t contact him." The reporter questioned, "How can you say that there is nothing wrong with such a big thing?"

Subsequently, Li’ s daughter lied that she took the reporter and Xiaoyan’ s family to find her father Li, but she fled directly on an electric car.

"She said she repented, but her attitude didn’t show at all." Little Chan menstruation cried and said that she had no sincerity in running away from us so quickly.

In this regard, police officer Li of Xinye County Traffic Police said that you can go to the judge in charge of the case to ask about the situation.

Lawyers said that although the elderly are over 75 years old, they still have to bear the responsibility of illegal crimes, but they can be given a lighter punishment or mitigated punishment within the scope of legal sentencing.

Finally, the reporter and Xiao Chan’s family found the secretary of the local village committee. The other party said that they would help to contact the old man Li and his family and let the two sides sit down and negotiate.

Accelerate the retreat of "old man music" throughout the country

From January 1, 2024, illegal electric three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles will be completely banned. Not only Beijing, but all parts of the country are accelerating the retreat of "Old Man Le".

As early as 2017, a statistical data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology showed that there were 830,000 traffic accidents involving low-speed electric vehicles in five years, resulting in 18,000 deaths and 186,000 injuries.

According to the Beijing News reporter’s experience, the "Old Man Le" has poor stability and is easy to float and tilt. Some doors have obvious plastic feeling, even if they are made of iron, but the overall texture is poor. There is no most basic seat belt inside, and there is no airbag and child seat interface. The gap in the door is obviously large, and the place with large gap can even be stuffed with fingers; It takes a lot of effort to close the door, and it is not easy to close it at once. In addition, the sound insulation effect of the vehicle is poor, and the external sound will have a great influence on the driver when driving; Moreover, the quality of the front windshield is worrying, and it is obviously reflective and scratched, which can’t meet the standard of automobile glass.

According to the Beijing Evening News, in 2022, there were 131 traffic accidents involving illegal electric tricycles and wagons in Beijing, with 138 deaths.

On April 12, the Beijing Municipal Traffic Management Bureau once again stressed that since January 1, 2024, illegal electric three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles are not allowed to drive on the road, and they are not allowed to park in public places such as roads, squares and parking lots. Any of these vehicles illegally driving or parking on the road will be investigated and dealt with by the police according to law.

In addition, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places have also begun to strictly control the "old man music" in different ways this year.

Source: Dawan News Integrated Metropolitan Channel, Beijing News, Beijing Evening News, China Xiaokang.com, etc.

Original title: "A 22-year-old teacher in Henan was killed by a 70-year-old man driving an" old man’s music ".Family members: We have not apologized so far, and we can’t find anyone."

　　CCTV News:On July 24th, the State Council held a press conference on the White Paper "China’s National Defense in the New Era". In response to a reporter’s question, Senior Colonel Wang Taiguo, deputy director of the Finance Bureau of the Logistics Support Department of the Central Military Commission, said that China’s defense expenditure will be coordinated with the country’s economic development level and will continue to maintain moderate and steady growth.

　　In the new era, China’s army has resolutely fulfilled the mission entrusted by the Party and the people according to the strategic needs of national security and development, and provided strategic support for consolidating the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and socialist system, defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, safeguarding national overseas interests and promoting world peace and development. However, China is the only big country in the world that has not yet achieved complete reunification, and it is one of the countries with the most complicated security situation around the world. China’s army is facing severe challenges in safeguarding national sovereignty, territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests.

　　At present, global problems and challenges continue to increase. With the development of the armed forces of China and China, the international community’s expectations for China’s military to provide international public safety products are increasing. China’s army has actively fulfilled its international responsibilities and participated extensively in peacekeeping, escort and disaster relief, and will invest more and more in this field in the future. At the same time, China’s army is in the stage of information transformation, and it still has a long way to go to conform to the development trend of the new military revolution in the world and promote military reform with China characteristics.

　　Because of this, there is still a big gap between China’s national defense expenditure and the demand for safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and the demand for fulfilling the international responsibilities and obligations of big countries, and the demand for its own construction and development.

　　Among the countries with the highest defense expenditure in the world in 2017, China’s defense expenditure is at a low level in terms of the proportion of GDP and national fiscal expenditure, as well as the per capita national and military figures.

　　China has become the second largest economy in the world. The scale of national defense expenditure ranks second in the world, which is determined by China’s national defense demand, economic volume and defensive national defense policy. In terms of total expenditure, China’s defense expenditure in 2017 was less than a quarter of that of the United States.

　 　In terms of the proportion of defense expenditure in GDP, from 2012 to 2017, the average proportion of defense expenditure in GDP in China was about 1.3%, that in the United States was about 3.5%, that in Russia was about 4.4%, that in India was about 2.5%, that in Britain was about 2.0%, that in France was about 2.3%, that in Japan was about 1.0% and that in Germany was about 1.2%. The average proportion of China’s defense expenditure in GDP ranks sixth among the countries with the highest defense expenditure in the world and the lowest among the permanent members of the UN Security Council.

　　In terms of the proportion of defense expenditure in fiscal expenditure, from 2012 to 2017, the average proportion of defense expenditure in fiscal expenditure in China was about 5.3%, that in the United States was about 9.8%, that in Russia was about 12.4%, that in India was about 9.1%, that in Britain was about 4.8%, that in France was about 4.0%, that in Japan was about 2.5% and that in Germany was about 2.8%. China’s defense expenditure ranks fourth in the average proportion of fiscal expenditure.

　　From the level of per capita defense expenditure, in 2017, the per capita defense expenditure of China citizens was 750 yuan RMB, which was about 5% of that of the United States, 25% of that of Russia, 231% of that of India, 13% of that of Britain, 16% of that of France, 29% of that of Japan and 20% of that of Germany. China’s per capita defense expenditure is 521,600 yuan, which is about 15% of that of the United States, 119% of Russia, 166% of India, 27% of Britain, 38% of France, 35% of Japan and 30% of Germany. China ranks seventh in national defense expenditure per capita and sixth in military defense expenditure per capita.

　　Since the reform and opening-up, China’s national defense expenditure has experienced a development process from maintenance investment to moderate growth, and generally maintained a moderate and coordinated growth in step with the national economic and financial expenditure. The proportion of defense expenditure in gross domestic product (GDP) dropped from the highest 5.43% in 1979 to 1.26% in 2017, and remained within 2% for nearly 30 years. In 1979, defense expenditure accounted for 17.37% of the national fiscal expenditure, and in 2017 it was 5.14%, a decrease of more than 12 percentage points, and the overall downward trend was obvious.

In the digital age, mobile phone traffic has become an indispensable part of our daily life. Whether browsing the web, watching videos or using social media, mobile phone traffic is silently supporting our online activities. So, how is the mobile phone traffic calculated?

Mobile phone traffic refers to the amount of data transmitted through the mobile network, which is usually calculated in Byte. The calculation units of traffic include GB(G), MB(M), KB and smaller B. The relationship between these units is based on 1024, that is, 1GB equals 1024MB, 1MB equals 1024KB, and 1KB equals 1024 B.. This means that when we use mobile phones to surf the Internet, every time we transmit a data packet, we will deduct the corresponding traffic balance according to the size of the data packet.

The calculation method of mobile phone traffic mainly depends on the billing system of operators and the data usage of users. Many operators offer a variety of data packages, including fixed monthly data traffic and unlimited data packages. Users can choose the appropriate packages according to their own needs. Operators usually adopt two kinds of traffic charging methods: metering charging and timing charging. Metering and billing is based on the actual amount of data used by users, while timing and billing is based on the time users spend online. However, at present, mobile internet access is generally based on traffic charging, rather than time calculation.

In order to help users manage traffic better, operators usually provide data usage monitoring tools, such as mobile phone business hall applications or SMS query services. These tools can display users’ data usage in real time, including upload traffic and download traffic, thus helping users avoid exceeding the package limit. Once users exceed the data contained in the package, operators may charge extra fees or reduce the data speed, and the specific policies vary from operator to operator.

In addition, users can also save mobile phone traffic through some techniques. For example, close unnecessary background applications to reduce data usage; When there is a Wi-Fi network, try to use Wi-Fi to surf the Internet to save mobile phone traffic.

Understanding the calculation method and charging rules of mobile phone traffic will help us to better manage our network activities and avoid unnecessary expenses.

On December 14th, Google suffered a global paralysis, and its Gmail mailbox, Google Calendar, video site YouTube and other services were all affected, but most of the search engine business was still intact.

According to the British "Guardian" reported on the same day, the large-scale paralysis of Google’s services began at about 11: 50 am GMT on December 14th, which affected most of its services. Despite the large-scale interruption of services, Google’s corporate automation system reported that there were no problems with any services until the service was interrupted for 30 minutes, including consumer services and cloud services for developers.

At 12: 25, Google finally found the problem and said publicly: "We found a problem … that affected most users, and the affected users could not access Google services."

The Guardian reported that Google’s problems this time seem to be related to the company’s authentication tool, which manages how users log in to services run by Google and third-party developers. This means that tools that cannot be used without logging in, such as Gmail email and Google Calendar, will be completely unusable. In the third-party service that logs in through Google authentication platform, users can use it normally if they have logged in, but they can’t use it if they need to log in again.

However, even if you have logged in with a Google account, the service of YouTube, a video site, can’t be used at all, and users can only access it through "private browsing" mode, thus using the site in logout mode.

For users who use Google Suite to work, this service interruption has seriously affected their normal work.

Google Suite involves not only email communication, Chat and Meet applications within the company, but also all the work done through Google Docs, sheet and slide. Some users who use third-party office applications have also been affected, such as Slack, an internal chat tool of Salesforce, where users can only chat with colleagues who have logged in at the time of interruption.

For people who work from home, Google’s service paralysis has also affected Google’s smart home services, including Google Home smart speakers, Nest thermostats and smoke alarms. They can only run in fail-safe mode, and users cannot access services and change settings through applications.