分类： xiyu

According to the Beijing News, at 10 am on May 21, a tanker slowly drove into a grain and oil company in Yanjiao, Hebei. An hour later, the tanker was loaded with more than 30 tons of soybean oil and drove out of the factory.

Little known is that this tanker full of edible soybean oil just transported a load of coal-to-liquid oil from Ningxia to Qinhuangdao, Hebei three days ago. After unloading, it did not clean the storage tank, so it was directly loaded with edible soybean oil to continue transportation.

Coal-to-oil is a chemical liquid processed from coal, such as liquid wax and white oil. A tanker driver told the Beijing News reporter that it is an open secret in the tanker transportation industry that food liquids and chemical liquids are mixed and not cleaned.

In May this year, the Beijing News reporter conducted a long-term follow-up investigation, and found that the liquids transported by many domestic general cargo tankers are not fixed, not only taking edible liquids such as syrup and soybean oil, but also transporting chemical liquids such as coal-to-liquid oil. In order to save money, many tankers do not clean their tanks during the exchange and transportation, and some edible oil manufacturers do not strictly check whether the tanks are clean according to the regulations, resulting in the pollution of edible oil by residual chemical liquid.

In fact, at present, there is no mandatory national standard for edible oil transportation in China, only a recommended Code for Bulk Transportation of Edible Vegetable Oil, which mentions that special vehicles should be used to transport bulk edible vegetable oil. Because it is a recommended national standard, it means that it has limited binding force on manufacturers.

Professor Wang Xingguo from the College of Food Science of Jiangnan University told the reporter that although the current transport standards are recommended national standards, they are also mandatory. He pointed out, "it is also a national standard, and relevant enterprises should take this as the basis when formulating enterprise standards. Enterprise standards can be stricter than this standard, but generally they cannot be lower than this standard."

"If you mix it and don’t clean it, the residue will inevitably cause some pollution to the edible oil. The transportation of edible oil should be dedicated to the car." Yi Zhu, an associate professor at the College of Food Science, China Agricultural University, told the Beijing News that coal-to-liquids are mainly hydrocarbons, which contain unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfides and other components that affect human health and may lead to poisoning.

Tank car mixing: edible oil mixed with chemical liquid.

Many tankers are piled up in the parking lot of Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base, waiting to be loaded and shipped.

Located in lingwu city, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the base has the largest coal-to-oil project in China. In the coal-to-oil plant area covering thousands of acres, black coal can be transformed into oil through many complicated processes such as high temperature and high pressure, and products such as liquid wax and white oil can be produced.

According to public information, this "coal-to-oil" project belonging to Ningxia Coal Industry currently has an annual production capacity of 4 million tons, ranking first in the country. Most of the coal-to-oil produced here is transported to economically developed areas such as the eastern coast, which can be used as raw materials for chemical products and as fuel.

A tanker driver told reporters that tankers are generally divided into hazardous chemicals tankers and general cargo tankers. Hazardous chemicals tankers generally transport flammable and explosive liquids such as gasoline and diesel, while general cargo tankers, as the name implies, transport ordinary liquids other than hazardous chemicals. "Coal-to-oil products, such as liquid wax and white oil, can’t be ignited with an open flame (they can be burned after being gasified with a special cooker). If they are not hazardous, general cargo tankers can transport them."

In mid-May this year, the reporter saw around the coal-to-liquid plant of Ningxia Coal Industry that various types of tankers were parked on both sides of the road, including many general cargo tankers carrying coal-to-liquid oil. The outside of the tanks of these tankers were painted with information such as volume and medium. A tanker driver explained that the medium usually refers to the substances transported by tankers, and the medium is generally marked as "ordinary liquid" when transporting coal-to-liquid oil.

In the logistics center of Ningmei Coal-to-Liquid Branch, an endless stream of tankers enter here every day, ready to load coal-to-liquid oil. Tuyuan Beijing News

"Now it is the off-season, and there are still few tankers. In the peak season, this parking lot can park more than 100 vehicles." A tanker driver who is resting in the parking lot told reporters that most of these tankers are parked nearby. Once they receive the transportation order, they will enter the factory to queue up for oil loading, and then transport the coal-to-liquids to their destinations according to the needs of buyers. "Many tankers here rely on this coal-to-liquids factory to make money all the year round."

On May 16th, a tanker with the license plate number Ji E**65Z set off from Ningdong Coal-to-Oil Plant and arrived in Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province more than one thousand kilometers away two days later. The tanker drove into a small courtyard in the suburbs and drove out more than an hour later. The Beijing News reporter noticed that the tanker did not leave immediately, but stopped at the nearby road, and the driver also opened the door to rest in the car.

The Beijing News reporter talked with the driver under the guise of consulting the market. The driver revealed that he had just unloaded the goods from Ningxia to Qinhuangdao. "The coal-to-liquids here are used for burning fires and used as kitchen fuel." The driver told the reporter that this tanker belongs to a team. He is a full-time driver. There are more than a dozen tankers in the team. After unloading coal-to-oil this time, he has not received a new transportation task, so he stopped at the roadside to rest. "Generally, goods should be distributed near the unloading place, and you can’t run back empty."

After that, the Beijing News reporter has been observing the movement of this tanker nearby. On the afternoon of May 20th, the tanker was restarted. In the evening, it drove to Yanjiao Town, sanhe city City, Hebei Province, and entered the parking lot belonging to a grain and oil company. According to the doorman, the parking lot belongs to Huifu Grain and Oil Group, and the tankers parked here are all ready to transport edible oil into the factory.

At ten o’clock the next morning, the tanker successfully entered the production plant of Huifu Grain and Oil Group. Until now, this tanker has not been washed since the unloading of coal-to-liquid oil. An hour later, the tanker was loaded with goods and drove out of the factory. The transport documents retained by the factory doorman show that the goods loaded by this tanker into the factory are first-class soybean oil, with a net weight of 31.86 tons.

On May 24th, in a parking lot in Tianjin Binhai New Area, a tanker with the license plate number Ji E**76W was also waiting to transport edible oil. Waiting for the gap, the reporter learned from the driver of the tanker that the tanker had just delivered coal-to-liquids from Ningxia to Hebei. After unloading the coal-to-liquids in Shijiazhuang the day before, it rushed to Tianjin from Shijiazhuang overnight. The driver revealed that since the unloading of coal to oil, the tanker has not washed the cans. The driver doesn’t care if he is worried about being rejected by the edible oil manufacturers. "You can install it, but you can’t install it."

In the afternoon, the Beijing News reporter saw the tanker drive into a factory called China Grain Storage Grease (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.. According to the factory security guard, including this tanker, soybean oil is loaded into the factory. Because the distance is not far, the reporter can clearly see the whole process of loading oil in the tanker outside the factory. From beginning to end, the tanker has not encountered any obstacles, and no one has checked whether the tank body is clean or not. About forty minutes later, the tanker was full of oil, and the weighbridge in the factory area showed that the tanker was filled with 35 tons of soybean oil.

This means that this tanker, which has just been unloaded from coal to oil, has been successfully loaded with edible oil without washing the tank.

On May 21st, a tanker with coal-to-liquids unloaded entered a grain and oil company to load soybean oil without washing the tanker. Tuyuan Beijing News

Cost saving: mixing without cleaning is becoming the norm.

The reason why tankers transporting coal-to-liquid oil to coastal areas mostly distribute edible oil on their return journey is that there are many manufacturers producing edible oil here.

The reporter learned in the interview that at present, the manufacturers of edible oil in China are mainly concentrated in coastal areas. Taking soybean oil as an example, it is generally necessary to rely on ocean-going freighters to import soybeans from abroad. The factories that produce soybean oil are usually located around the port, and there are many edible oil manufacturers in Tianjin Binhai New Area.

An edible oil industry insider told the Beijing News that not all edible oils are common small packages when they leave the factory, and many of them are sold in the form of bulk oil. "Some edible oil manufacturers located near the port do not do terminal retail, they will sell edible oils to other manufacturers, which will pack them into small packages for external sales, and some food enterprises will purchase bulk edible oils as raw materials."

Edible oil manufacturers sell bulk oil to the outside world, and also rely on tankers to transport it. Many transport vehicles come from Xingtai.

Many people in the industry said that Nanhe District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province is a well-known "hometown of tankers" in the industry. "Nanhe does this more, with at least 3,000 tankers." This is consistent with the phenomenon observed by reporters in interviews in many places. No matter around the coal-to-liquids plant in Ningxia or near some edible oil manufacturers, the number of tankers with the license plate number "Ji E (Xingtai, Hebei)" is the largest.

On May 14th, many tankers were parked in a parking lot in Nanhe District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province. Many local people are engaged in the tanker transportation industry. Tuyuan Beijing News

Many local tanker drivers in Nanhe said that at first, local tankers only transported edible oil, and later began to transport other liquid goods. In recent years, many tankers began to go to Ningxia to pull coal to make oil.

"In the past, tankers carrying edible oil generally returned empty. Taking Tianjin to Xi’ an as an example, the earliest one-way freight quotation was above 400 yuan per ton, and now it has dropped to around 200 yuan." A tanker driver told reporters that due to the increase of tankers in the past two years, the competition has intensified, and the transportation price of tankers has also dropped a lot, which forced many tankers to find ways to distribute goods when returning. Under such circumstances, many tankers set their sights on coal-to-liquid transportation. "It is difficult to distribute goods around the unloading site, and what is generally loaded. In recent years, there is also a great demand for coal-to-liquid transportation in Ningxia."

At the same time, under the background of gradually decreasing freight rates, tankers transporting edible oil can not only be used for special vehicles, but many tankers don’t even clean their tanks in order to save costs. "The cost of a single can washing is as low as three or five hundred, and as high as eight or nine hundred." A tanker driver revealed that because ordinary tankers often exchange goods and transport, washing cans every time is also a big expense, so many tankers choose to save money when exchanging goods and transport.

In the survey, the Beijing News reporter learned that the vast majority of tankers belong to the fleet. There are hundreds of tankers in the large-scale fleet, and only a few tankers in the small-scale fleet. The proportion of individual tankers is very small. For tankers belonging to the fleet, some drivers told reporters that although their drivers sometimes want to wash cans, they should also listen to the arrangement of the fleet boss. "The boss will make it clear, and the boss will not make it clear."

The control is not strict: the edible oil manufacturer has gone through the motions of inspecting cans.

In the eyes of many tanker drivers, the reason why the team boss doesn’t arrange to wash the cans is more because some edible oil manufacturers are not strict, and they usually don’t check whether the cans are clean. "If you check the cans, you have to wash them. If you don’t check the cans, you don’t have to wash them."

In Xingtai, Hebei Province, a tanker driver said that because he often deals with various edible oil manufacturers, the team owner has long been well aware of the inspection of each manufacturer’s cans. "Generally, we don’t go down to the cans for inspection, just look at the two mouths. We will just wipe these two mouths."

At the beginning of June this year, the Beijing News reporter called Huifu Grain and Oil Group in the name of transporting edible oil. A staff member said that they did not require a special tanker for edible oil, but only required that the goods transported by the tanker for the first three times were also edible oil. "The tank needs to be kept clean and tidy, and workers will inspect the tank before loading oil." However, many tanker drivers revealed that this grain and oil company is not strict in tank inspection. "They usually look at the oil drain first and wipe it clean. It would be easier if acquaintances often come to transport oil." The driver can also make up the information of the goods that need to be filled in the manifest before.

On May 24, at the entrance of an edible oil factory in Tianjin, the tanker driver was wiping the oil unloading port to cope with the inspection of the factory. Tuyuan Beijing News

The reporter also called China Grain Oil (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., and a sales manager said that in principle, a special tanker is needed to transport edible oil, but then he added that as long as the tank has the words "special for edible oil", "In fact, we don’t check the tank, and we can’t tell whether it is a special tanker for edible oil." He stressed that the contract for selling edible oil is agreed by the buyer, and the tanker is also hired by the buyer. After the edible oil is loaded on the car, they are not responsible for its quality.

Another company that produces edible oil, which is also located in Tianjin Binhai New Area, is not strict in the inspection of cans.

On May 24th, a tanker driver waiting to enter the factory to load oil told reporters that this company’s tank inspection is just a formality, and only the driver needs to upload a few photos, "photos of the oil drain and tank mouth taken by himself, and the tank has the words’ edible oil’." He revealed that he can cope with the past by using the earlier photos stored in his mobile phone. "You can just find a few clean photos and give him a glance, whether it’s today’s photos or not."

As for some edible oil manufacturers’ request to spray the words "edible oil" on the outside of the tank, the driver said that it was very easy to deal with it. Just erase the words "ordinary liquid" marked on the tank before and spray the words "edible oil" again. "Now there is varnish, and it is very convenient to alter it."

In late May, the reporter observed at the gate of this company that many tanker cars that came into the factory to transport edible oil had obvious signs of alteration. Some tankers just covered the words "ordinary liquid" with stickers, and then re-posted a sticker with the words "edible oil".

Even if there are such obvious alteration marks, it will not affect those tankers to transport edible oil.

A tanker waiting to be loaded with cooking oil in the factory, the medium information of the tank was covered by white paper, and a note with the words "cooking oil" was re-posted next to it. Tuyuan Beijing News

Transportation specification: Bulk edible oil transportation should be dedicated to special vehicles.

In fact, the GB/T30354-2013 Code for Bulk Transportation of Edible Vegetable Oils (hereinafter referred to as the Code for Transportation), which was implemented in China in 2014, mentioned that special vehicles should be used to transport bulk edible vegetable oils, and non-edible plant tankers or containers should not be used for transportation. It is also mentioned in the Transport Specification that before loading grease, it is necessary to carefully check whether the transport container is a special container and whether the container is clean and dry.

However, the Transport Code is only a recommended national standard, not a mandatory national standard, and has limited binding force on edible oil manufacturers.

Professor Wang Xingguo from the Food College of Jiangnan University told the reporter that although the Transport Code is a recommended national standard, it is also mandatory. He pointed out, "it is also a national standard, and relevant enterprises should take this as the basis when formulating enterprise standards. Enterprise standards can be stricter than this standard, but generally not lower than this standard."

As far as the transportation of bulk vegetable oil is concerned, Professor Wang Xingguo thinks that relevant enterprises should refer to the Transport Standard and use special transport vehicles, otherwise there is a risk of contamination of edible oil during transportation.

On May 24, a tanker that had just unloaded coal-to-liquids drove into China Grain Storage Oil (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., and the driver climbed onto the top of the tanker to prepare for the shipment of edible oil. Tuyuan Beijing News

Qiu Jian (pseudonym) is a tanker driver who has been in business for more than ten years. He told reporters that if the tank is not washed after unloading coal-to-liquid oil, there will usually be a few kilograms to more than ten kilograms of coal-to-liquid oil left in the tank. "If you wash the tank, you usually need to use alkaline water, and then steam the tank at high temperature after washing, so that it can be relatively clean. If it is just ordinary water washing, there will be some residue." Qiu Jian said that in most cases, the residual coal-to-liquid oil will be mixed with edible oil. "Like the white oil liquid wax in coal-to-liquid oil, it is colorless, transparent in color and not easy to see."

He said that non-hazardous chemicals liquids such as industrial wastewater, plasticizer, waste engine oil and water reducer can be transported by ordinary tankers, and coal-to-liquids only belong to the category with relatively large traffic at present. "There are several coal-to-liquids manufacturers besides Ningmei, and other manufacturers that produce chemical liquids may share tanker transportation with edible oil manufacturers."

Qiu Jian told reporters that although the receiving party of edible oil will take samples for inspection when unloading, due to the limited inspection items, even if other impurities are mixed in edible oil, ordinary inspection can’t detect it. "There are more items for testing moisture and acid value."

Qiu Jian believes that bulk edible oil is actually in a semi-detached state during long-distance transportation. "The manufacturers who sell oil don’t care much, and the companies that buy oil don’t know, which makes the transportation companies take advantage of it." Qiu Jian revealed that many transportation orders are generally subcontracted at different levels, and both buyers and sellers have no idea about the tanker that will eventually be transported.

As a tanker driver, Qiu Jian was very helpless. He called for attention to such industry chaos, because edible oil is related to thousands of households. He said: "Coal-to-oil may be clean, and other unusual chemical liquids may be more harmful if they pollute edible oil."

In Qiu Jian’s view, transportation companies are guided by the standards of edible oil manufacturers, and the chaos in this industry can be avoided only by strict control of edible oil manufacturers. "Careful inspection of cans by edible oil manufacturers should be the most effective and can solve 99% of the problems."

Yi Zhu, an associate professor at the College of Food Science of China Agricultural University, told the reporter that coal-to-liquids are mainly hydrocarbons, and the unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfides and other components contained in them pose health risks to the human body. Long-term consumption may lead to poisoning. "The more you eat, the greater the toxicity. When there are more benzene or aminobenzene components, it may also affect hematopoietic function."

Yi Zhu believes that if the tanker transporting edible oil also transports other chemical liquids, the risk is even more unpredictable. "If you don’t know what kind of pollutants are in this oil, it is even more difficult to prevent. If the toxic chemical liquid remains inside, direct contact or inhalation may cause harm to the human body, such as organic solvents, acids, alkalis, heavy metals, etc., which may cause damage to the respiratory system and digestive system."

Original title: Investigation of chaos in tanker transportation: Direct shipment of edible soybean oil after unloading coal-to-liquids

After the buyer moved into the house he bought, he found that there was a problem with the quality of the house, and asked the real estate developer to repair it or bear the cost of repairing it. However, the real estate developer refused to take responsibility for the quality of the house on the grounds that the house had exceeded the warranty period. Then, if the commercial housing exceeds the warranty period, can the real estate developer be exempted from the quality guarantee responsibility?

Found the problem and failed to negotiate. The buyer appealed to the court.

Mr. Wang signed a Commercial Housing Sales Contract with a real estate developer and its annexes, which stated the information of Mr. Wang’s purchase of a house developed by a real estate developer and the delivery time of the house. According to the warranty scope, warranty period and warranty responsibility of the house, the warranty period of the plastering layer on the wall and ceiling of the house is 2 years. During the warranty period, if the plastering layer on the wall and ceiling of the house falls off due to construction quality problems, a real estate developer will carry out the warranty for free.

After the contract was signed, Mr. Wang paid the house price according to the contract, and a real estate developer also delivered the house to Mr. Wang on schedule, and Mr. Wang soon renovated and moved in.

Less than a year after moving in, Mr. Wang found that the wall and ceiling of the house began to crack and the plastering layer gradually fell off. Mr. Wang thought that there was a problem with the quality of the house, and immediately reported it to the sales office of the property service enterprise and a real estate developer in the community, but it was fruitless for many times. The property service enterprise and a real estate developer never came to the door for maintenance.

After a period of repeated negotiations, neither the property service enterprise nor a real estate developer responded to Mr. Wang’s maintenance requirements. In desperation, Mr. Wang filed a lawsuit with the court, demanding that a real estate developer assume the responsibility of house maintenance and compensate for the losses caused in the process of house maintenance.

At the same time of prosecution, Mr. Wang entrusted a house safety appraisal company to appraise the houses involved in the case. After the on-site inspection, a house safety appraisal company made a House Safety Appraisal Report, and the appraisal conclusion was that the plastering layer of the house did not meet the requirements of "Quality Acceptance Standard for Building Decoration Engineering", "The plastering layer should be firmly bonded with the base layer, and the plastering layer should be free from delamination and hollowing, and the surface layer should be free from ash explosion and cracks", and there were quality problems in the plastering layer of the above-mentioned house. According to the "Quality Acceptance Standard for Building Decoration Engineering", the total area of hollowing is 11.36 square meters and the total length of cracks is 2.46 meters, which need to be repaired. The treatment suggestion given in the Housing Safety Appraisal Report is that the hollows and cracks should be removed with a shovel, and then plastered again and the surface decoration layer should be repaired according to the construction specification of plastering layer. Mr. Wang paid the appraisal fee of 8000 yuan.

During the court hearing, Mr. Wang also entrusted a real estate appraisal company to evaluate the repair cost and the cost of restoring the surface decorative layer of the house with quality problems. A real estate appraisal company made a Real Estate Appraisal Report, and the appraisal result showed that the total cost of repairing and restoring the surface decorative layer of the house with quality problems was 14,639 yuan according to the total area provided by Mr. Wang. Mr. Wang paid the appraisal fee of 2000 yuan.

Emphasize that the developer can’t refuse to pay for the overdue proof.

During the trial of the case, the court entrusted a professional institution to identify the house involved in the case, and concluded that the house involved in the case did have quality problems. In this regard, a real estate developer can’t prove that the quality problem is caused by other reasons, such as natural forces or improper use by buyers.

However, a real estate developer argued that the "Commercial Housing Sales Contract" signed with Mr. Wang stipulated that the warranty period for the plastering layer on the wall and ceiling of the house was two years, and the time for Mr. Wang to file a lawsuit had exceeded the warranty period of the house, so a real estate developer should not bear the responsibility of repairing the house and paying compensation.

After hearing the dispute between the two parties, the court held that the Commercial Housing Sales Contract signed by Mr. Wang and a real estate developer and its annexes were the true intention of both parties, and their contents did not violate the mandatory provisions of laws and regulations, and both parties should strictly perform them. According to the contract between the two parties, the warranty period of the plastering layer on the wall and ceiling of the house is 2 years. During the warranty period, the two parties failed to bring a lawsuit to the court because of the quality of the house, so the plastering layer on the wall of the commercial house involved in the case did not pass the warranty period. In accordance with the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts, "the house delivered for use has quality problems, and the seller shall bear the responsibility for repair during the warranty period; If the seller refuses to repair or delays the repair within a reasonable period of time, the buyer can repair by himself or entrust others, and the repair cost and other losses caused during the repair period shall be borne by the seller. After identification, there are quality problems in the house involved in the case, and a real estate developer shall bear the liability for breach of contract.

Regarding the commitment of appraisal fees and evaluation fees, a real estate developer did not respond to whether there were quality problems in the houses involved in the delivery before the appraisal agency made a quality appraisal opinion, but agreed to conduct quality appraisal. Therefore, the appraisal fee and evaluation fee should also be borne by a real estate developer.

A real estate developer filed an appeal, claiming that the case claimed by Mr. Wang involved the repair of housing quality problems and surface decorations, which had exceeded the two-year warranty period stipulated in the purchase contract, and that Mr. Wang did not issue a "Housing Safety Appraisal Report" within the warranty period to prove that there was a problem with the housing quality, so a real estate developer should not bear the responsibility of housing repair and compensation.

The format clause has no effect. The collegial panel ruled as requested.

Mr. Wang pleaded in the second instance that when he handed over the house with a real estate developer, he did not carry out professional testing. As an ordinary consumer, he could not detect whether the house had quality problems during the inspection. At the same time, when handing over the house, a real estate developer did not provide the "Residential Quality Guarantee" as agreed in the contract, and a real estate developer did not inform himself of the warranty content and warranty period in detail.

The appraisal report on house safety makes the appraisal conclusion that the plastering layer of the house involved in the case has quality problems. Combined with the actual situation that the plastering layer of the house involved in the case falls off in a large area in less than two years, it is enough to conclude that the house involved in the case has quality problems and the two-year warranty period should not apply. Moreover, Mr. Wang has repeatedly asked a real estate developer to carry out maintenance, and a real estate developer has shirked it for various reasons, resulting in Mr. Wang having to entrust a professional organization to conduct appraisal and evaluation. The expenses caused by this are all caused by a malicious breach of contract by a real estate developer and should be borne by a real estate developer.

The court of second instance held that the Commercial Housing Sales Contract signed by Mr. Wang and a real estate developer was a standard contract provided by a real estate developer, and the terms concerning the warranty period of the roof and plastering layer of the house were standard terms. Although the warranty period is agreed, it exempts a real estate developer from the main responsibility in disguise and infringes on Mr. Wang’s main rights. Moreover, a real estate developer did not inform Mr. Wang of the relevant contents when presenting the contract, which should be considered as an invalid format clause.

Accordingly, the court of second instance ruled that the appeal reason of a real estate developer that "the warranty period has expired and it should not undertake the repair obligation" cannot be established. It is not improper for the court of first instance to order a real estate developer to pay Mr. Wang the repair cost determined according to the appraisal conclusion due to the housing quality problem.

The court of second instance stressed that during the trial of the case, it was identified by professional institutions that there were indeed quality problems in the houses involved. In this regard, a real estate developer can not prove that the quality problem is due to other reasons, so it should bear the consequences of failing to prove that the houses it provides do not meet the quality requirements.

The function and function of the housing warranty period is that the buyer can be exempted from the burden of proof that the housing quality problem is caused by the real estate developer during the warranty period, but it cannot be exempted from the contractual obligation of the real estate developer to ensure the housing quality within a reasonable period.

From this, we can be clear that commercial housing beyond the warranty period does not necessarily exempt real estate developers from the responsibility of quality assurance.

On December 8th, a user whose authentication information is an employee of a big factory posted a message on the social platform, saying, "The year-end awards of big factories this year are a little rolled up", and also listed some year-end award plans of Netease, Xiaomi and Tencent.

The screenshot of its exposure shows that the year-end award of Netease’s "Harry Potter Magic Awakening" project team is as high as 888,888 yuan; Xiaomi, who made a profit of 78.06 billion in the third quarter, and the year-end award of the smart factory technology department will be paid for 8 months; Tencent’s League of Legends project team is even more amazing, with a year-end bonus of 1.2 million yuan per person in cash. On this basis, there will be a superposition of sunny days and stocks. ……

"Not so much," an employee of Tencent’s mobile game department told the Times Weekly reporter that the employee did not disclose the specific amount. Another employee close to the game department said, "Anyway, double-digit monthly salary, plus company stock and extra bonus of the department".

People close to Netease confirmed the year-end award of the Harry Potter project team on the Internet to the Times Weekly reporter. "It’s really true, but it’s not too much for one person to get 880,000 yuan for the game of 2.3 billion yuan in the first month."

Harry Potter Magic Awakening is one of the hottest games this year, which also makes the staff of the game project team stand at the top of the year-end award.

Everyone on the internet scolds the big factory, but in reality everyone wants to enter the factory. A large number of netizens shouted "envy", but some netizens pointed out that "the Internet is seriously polarized, and people who get high-paying year-end awards are hairy and horny." "Thanks for inviting me, I have just been laid off, so don’t try to trick me into entering the factory again."

A large factory employee who is not a game line told the Times Weekly reporter, "Last year, the year-end bonus was one Huawei per capita. This year, it was a self-heating hot pot plus two cultural shirts. The self-heating hot pot has not been sent yet. I don’t know if there is one, but I have got the cultural shirt. "

As early as half a month ago, many Internet companies were exposed to layoffs, and some employees were laid off before they got the year-end award; In the cold winter, some people voluntarily give up the 100,000-year-end bonus and change jobs to find a stable job.

From the outside world, Internet giants are experiencing a cold winter. And layoffs for the winter and the year-end bonus in full swing may be the real side of big factories.

In recent years, at the end of each year, many people have been screened by the year-end award of Dachang.

Time Weekly reporters sorted out public reports and found that the "2021 Momo Online Annual Meeting Guidelines" showed that at the end of last year, Momo’s formal employees each received a year-end bonus package, including the iPhone12 Pro Max 256G； with a market price of 10,099 yuan; Tencent distributed the "Sunshine Award" to employees who made special contributions: 100 shares of the company per person, which was equivalent to more than RMB 60,000 according to Tencent’s share price at that time; ByteDance gave each employee a New Year red envelope of 588-6888 yuan. ……

Earlier in the golden age of the Internet, Baidu CEO Li Yanhong announced at the company’s annual meeting in 2015 that some employees got a 50-month salary for the year-end award. In the same year, some employees of Ali revealed that they got 150,000 year-end bonus and 3,000 shares at the end of the year, which was equivalent to 100 months’ salary at that time.

In the context of downsizing, cost reduction and efficiency improvement of Internet giants this year, the year-end bonus of 1.2 million yuan and 888,888 yuan was concentrated on game projects.

"The game department is the’ spire’ of the year-end awards of major manufacturers in 2021. Revenue is the best in all businesses. Take Tencent as an example. If the game business earns one month, it will be enough for the PCG business group to lose one quarter. " Wang Tao from a first-line factory said. According to several employees of big factories, after consulting the comprehensive ranking of salary and prospect, some big factories default to a pyramid class: the top three layers are game/social platform, investment strategy department and cloud business.

It’s not just the game departments of big factories that are doing well. Feng Hao, an employee of a second-tier game company, told Time Weekly that the games developed by a project team of the company have a monthly flow of over 100 million yuan in South Korea, and the year-end award of the project team is 100 million yuan, which is divided by dozens of people in the group.

In Feng Hao’s view, it is normal for game companies to issue year-end bonuses of tens of months’ salary. "Many game companies not only have year-end awards, but also half-year awards. After all, millions of players have hundreds of people. "

It is understood that the year-end bonus of game company programmers is directly linked to the company’s profits. The most common ones can also get more than a dozen monthly salaries. When the business is closely related to the company’s profit, there will be a high bonus package, and the irreplaceable technology "Daniel" will also have stocks and options as year-end rewards.

"Now the mobile game market is seriously involved, and some games will last for one or two years. Of course, it will be more’ hard’ when the year-end awards are issued." Feng Hao believes that the high profit and high return of game research and development is the reason why it has become the "spire" of the year-end award.

Compared with the stunning year-end awards in the upstream, the temperature in the lower pyramid is much colder.

"The business of to C is getting worse and worse these days, and it is basically less than who loses. I no longer expect the number of year-end awards. " Looking at the business group with thousands of people sharply reduced, an employee of the content department of a big factory expressed his concern to the reporter of Time Weekly.

The employee revealed that the year-end award of his underlying business line is said to be between 0.8 and 4 monthly salaries. According to the average monthly salary of 20,000 yuan in this department, it is about 16,000-80,000 yuan. "The year-end award of the game business is almost ten times that of ours."

"The year-end awards of Internet manufacturers are very polarized, either really fragrant or miserable." Wang Tao told the Times Weekly reporter. He is at the bottom of the pyramid of the internet industry. There are many accidents in the group this year, and the year-end award is only 0.8 months of salary subsidy, which adds up to no more than 20,000.

According to the survey data issued by 36Kr United Kurun Data and Pulse, in 2020, the proportion of Internet practitioners who "have never had a year-end award" reached 8.49%, which is the highest compared with the financial, legal, biochemical and environmental materials industries. Secondly, 25.3% of Internet practitioners have a year-end bonus of more than 10,000 yuan, and 2.9% have a year-end bonus of more than 50,000 yuan. However, at the same time, there are 23.1% people who are lower than 1000 yuan’s year-end bonus, and the gap is very large.

"How to find a way to escape, the water temperature at the bottom is too cold." Since the year-end award won last year was at the bottom of the factory, Wang Tao had the idea of leaving. The data shows that 44.88% of the people in the workplace chose to "strike hard" and quit when the year-end bonus was not in place; Although 17.23% people will not leave their jobs on the spot, they will plant the seeds of dissatisfaction in their hearts and become one of the reasons for job-hopping.

The topic of "job-hopping at the end of the year" has recently rushed to the top of the hot list of workplace social platforms. Among the main reasons for choosing job-hopping at the end of the year, "I hope to get a raise" is the most important reason.

Feng Hao decided to put up with it again.

"The big environment is not ideal, and job-hopping needs to take a lot of risks at this time," Feng Hao said, at least until next spring. "Besides, not every company has a year-end bonus, so we should cherish our current job."

According to the "Investigation Report on White-collar Year-end Awards in 2020" released by Zhaopin, the average national white-collar year-end awards in 2020 is 7826 yuan. Only 29.2% of people have a year-end award of over 10,000 yuan. In other words, getting a year-end award of 10,000 yuan will defeat more than 70% of office workers in the country.

In addition to job-hopping at the end of the year, many people chose to "adjust their posts and climb the slope". Under the invisible class, most employees in large factories want to climb the first three floors of the pyramid through internal post adjustment. The middle-level leaders of Wang Tao’s department even gave up the year-end bonus of several hundred thousand yuan in the original department in order to change to a more promising department.

But is it safe to switch to the "spire"? How long can the year-end award of the big factory that is hot searched every year last? Wang Tao is not sure.

"We used to say that the Internet is to recruit 10 people, do 40 people’s work and pay 20 people’s wages. Now the dividend has gradually disappeared. " Wang Tao believes that it is rare to win the year-end award of 1.2 million in the Internet giant, and more factory workers are still struggling in the cold water at the bottom.

(At the request of the interviewee, Wang Tao and Feng Hao are pseudonyms.)

This article is from the WeChat WeChat official account "Time Weekly" (ID: TimeWeekly). Author: Guo Zihao, Shi Enze, published by 36Kr with authorization.

　　On July 12th, the inaugural meeting of China University Sports Delegation (hereinafter referred to as China Delegation) for the 31st Summer Universiade in Chengdu was held in Changchun, Jilin Province. Athletes, coaches and related personnel of the delegation participated in the meeting by combining online and offline.

　　The China delegation of Chengdu Universiade consists of more than 700 people, among whom 411 athletes from more than 100 universities in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) will compete in all 18 sports of Chengdu Universiade. The average age of athletes is 22.9 years old, and there are 206 male athletes, accounting for 50.1%. 205 female athletes, accounting for 49.9%; 387 people participated in the Summer Universiade for the first time, accounting for 94.2%; 344 people participated in the world comprehensive games for the first time on behalf of the country, accounting for 83.6%; 24 people have participated in previous Universiade, accounting for 5.8%; 34 people have participated in the Olympic Games, accounting for 8.2%.

　　According to reports, the Chengdu Universiade has been postponed twice. In order to minimize the impact of the epidemic on the participation of student athletes, FISU has broadened the qualifications of athletes, adjusting the age of participation from the original "18 to 25 years old" to "18 to 27 years old", and the original "only for college students who have been in school and graduated for less than one year" to "allow college students who have graduated in school and in 2020, 2021 and 2022". This decision has increased the space for the selection of athletes from member countries and regions, and also created opportunities for college athletes who missed the Chengdu Universiade due to the epidemic situation in back in the game.

　　In order to do a good job in organizing the China delegation to participate in the competition and prepare for the war, the China University Sports Association has worked out a careful working plan for organizing the competition. According to the idea of "one project, one policy", it and the State Sports General Administration jointly selected athletes who are qualified for the Chengdu Universiade through trials and other means.

　　From April to May, 2023, China University Sports Association organized trials for 11 events, including swimming, taekwondo, martial arts, rowing, judo, badminton, table tennis, tennis, archery (compound bow), rhythmic gymnastics and fencing, with a total of 1,753 participants from 279 universities, with a total of 1,739 games. At present, the sports teams participating in 18 major sports are seizing the last key preparation period, actively training hard, and strive to meet the arrival of Chengdu Universiade in the best competitive state. (CCTV reporter Li Jingjing Xiao Jinwei)

Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, July 9 (Reporter Liu Hongyu) According to the latest data from Guangdong Provincial Taxation Bureau, from January to May this year, the domestic sales of export enterprises in Guangdong Province exceeded last year’s level in April after a three-month downturn, and the domestic sales amount in May was basically the same as that in April.

Among them, the export of communication equipment manufacturing industry, textile and garment industry and motor manufacturing industry has achieved outstanding results, and domestic sales have increased significantly against the trend.

Since the beginning of this year, affected by the epidemic, Guangdong foreign trade enterprises have generally faced difficulties such as cancellation or postponement of orders in hand, blocked signing of new orders, and serious backlog of foreign trade goods. "Exporting to domestic sales" has become an important means to turn foreign trade enterprises into opportunities.

Guangzhou Yaqite Industrial Co., Ltd. is a shoe-making enterprise specializing in OEM, mainly exporting. Because the foreign trade business is almost in a state of suspension, the company began to focus more on developing the domestic market.

In June this year, Yaqite participated in the first Guangzhou Live Festival, and promoted the self-produced slippers online, and finally more than 150 transactions were made. "Although the number of transactions is not large, it has opened up a new sales channel and accumulated experience for domestic sales." Ji Bin, deputy general manager of the company, said.

Guangdong Eurasia Home Furnishing Co., Ltd. is an export enterprise that produces stainless steel products in Yunfu City. Inspired by the "home economy" during the epidemic, the company turned its attention to the domestic market. According to statistics, from January to May this year, the domestic sales turnover of Eurasia Home was 48.106 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 252.7%.

"Since the beginning of this year, the company has enjoyed an export tax rebate of 6.59 million yuan and a social security fee reduction of 1.467 million yuan, which encouraged us to further move to the domestic market." Lian Yushan, executive deputy general manager of Eurasia Home, said.

In order to help foreign trade enterprises export to domestic sales, the tax department of Xinxing County in Yunfu City has accelerated the processing progress of export tax rebate and helped enterprises to withdraw funds in time. From January to May this year, the domestic sales turnover of stainless steel enterprises in Xinxing County was 454.2 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 17%.

Guangdong Yuanhua New Materials Co., Ltd. is a foreign-funded enterprise located in Foshan, specializing in new anti-skid mats, yoga mats and other products. 80% of the products are sold overseas, and new development opportunities have been found during the epidemic.

"We paid attention to the domestic home fitness boom and quickly turned to the domestic market to accelerate the development of products that are more in line with Asian fitness habits." Rong Yuexing, deputy general manager of Yuanhua Company’s marketing center, said that from February to May this year, the shipment volume of Yuanhua Company’s official online store increased significantly, and the sales volume increased by nearly 50% year-on-year.

Tax experts believe that the transfer of exports to domestic sales has effectively promoted the recovery of the domestic market. At the same time, supporting policies such as withholding income tax for foreign investors to directly invest in the distribution of profits will also promote foreign-invested enterprises to increase their investment in China.

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, September 13 (Reporter Yang Yiboro) According to official website, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday this year, there were 73.409 million domestic tourists, down 16.7% year-on-year, and recovered to 72.6% in the same period of 2019 according to comparable caliber; The domestic tourism revenue reached 28.68 billion yuan, down 22.8% year-on-year, and recovered to 60.6% in the same period of 2019.

　　The Ministry of Culture and Tourism pointed out that local cultural and tourism systems give full play to their own advantages, enrich market supply, and meet the multi-level and diversified consumption needs of the masses.

　　Local tourism has become mainstream boutique homestay popular.

　　The Ministry of Culture and Tourism pointed out that local tourism has become the "main tone". During holidays, visiting relatives and friends, outdoor leisure, suburban tourism and rural tourism are the themes of tourists’ travel, and characteristic farms, homestays, art galleries and museums have become important recreational places for holiday tourists.

　　Ctrip’s "Summary Report on Mid-Autumn Festival Holidays in 2022" shows that under the background of advocating local festivals in many places, the tourists are mainly composed of local and surrounding customers, accounting for more than 60%.

　　Flying Pig data shows that during the Mid-Autumn Festival, the "two-hour holiday circle" became the mainstream, and the booking volume of holiday products such as tickets for local scenic spots increased by more than 2.3 times. At the same time, the Mid-Autumn Festival tourism consumption presents a significant small radius feature. The relative extension of local play time has promoted the popularity of high-star resort hotels and parent-child hotels in the suburbs.

　　Driven by short-distance travel, boutique village houses are popular. Relevant platform data show that in the past week, the order volume of villagers’ accommodation in Mid-Autumn Township increased by 1.8 times compared with last week. Villagers’ hostels in Pingxiang, Huangshan, Huainan, Zhangjiajie, Dali, Lijiang, Shangrao and Xiangxi are eye-catching. At the same time, the average order price of Mid-Autumn B&B increased by 27% year-on-year, and the order of 1,000 yuan B&B increased by 59% compared with last Mid-Autumn Festival.

　　According to the above report, the search heat of B&B reached its peak in the week before the festival, and the booking volume increased by about 10% compared with the Dragon Boat Festival. Among them, the heat of rural residents rose the fastest, and the search heat basically recovered to the same period last year. The top 10 cities for booking popular homestays are: Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Zhoushan, Dali, Changsha, Guangzhou, Huzhou, Xiamen and Changzhou.

　　New outdoor tourism returns to the "C position" during the festival of folk activities

　　During the Mid-Autumn Festival, visitors experience traditional lacquer carving on the spot. Photo courtesy of China Arts and Crafts Museum and China Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum

　　As one of the four traditional festivals, the Mid-Autumn Festival is full of wonderful folk activities, and cultural activities all over the country are "new".

　　On the one hand, cultural and technological elements are integrated into traditional festivals, such as the China Arts and Crafts Museum and the China Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, which hold a series of cultural activities of "Mid-Autumn Festival, Meet the Two Museums" and arrange intangible "small temple fairs".

　　On the other hand, the cultural tourism scenic spots seek innovation and change, and integrate traditional customs with the national wind trend. The popularity of night tourism projects suitable for enjoying the moon, such as theme park night tour, boat night tour, city night tour and night light show, continues to rise. According to relevant platform data, in the past week, the booking volume of Mid-Autumn Night Tour related products increased by 146% compared with last week. Night tours such as Huangpu River Night Tour, Great Wall Night Tour, Qiantang River Night Tour, Nianhuawan Night Tour and Xiangjiang River Night Tour are popular.

　　At the same time, as the high temperature dissipates, outdoor tourism returns to the "C position" and the camping experience heats up again. Tent camping and RV camping, which contain elements such as Shan Ye, nature and green space, have become popular games in Mid-Autumn Festival. The data shows that the booking volume of Mid-Autumn camping related goods has increased by more than 7 times from the previous month.

　　According to the above report, the search popularity of "Autumn Tour" related content has been rising during the Mid-Autumn Festival, up 342% from the same period last week. At the same time, theme parks and camping products increased by 48% and 53% respectively.

Guangzhou degree room quotation list, want to know more, click here!

Education has always been a top priority for Chinese. In recent years, Chinese-style education has spawned Chinese-style housing, and sky-high degree rooms have become a common occurrence. In order not to lose at the starting line, many parents have successively embarked on the road of "choosing a school and living". Buying a degree room means better educational resources, and the degree room has thus become a "luxury". In Guangzhou, the policy of realizing multi-school dicing is endless, but the market situation of Yuexiu’s degree rooms with famous schools has not changed, and 50,000+degree rooms are blooming everywhere. According to the data released by the Central Plains Research Department, as there are few new discs on sale in Yuexiu, the sales of second-hand buildings in Yuexiu increased by as much as 94% last year, which shows that the degree room has never been "out of favor". Recently, there is good news from Yuexiu, which has always been a rare place to live: in the first half of the year, two new markets, Jialanxuan and Yuetai Rongting House, will be ushered in. In the series of exploring the spring and stepping on the plate recently launched by Netease Real Estate, Xiaobian personally explored the above two plates and unveiled its mystery for everyone!

The surrounding provincial famous schools are clustered together, and the educational resources are hard to compete.

Let’s start with education. It goes without saying that the educational resources in Yuexiu District are good, and Rongtingfu and Jialanxuan in Yuetai are no exception. Among them, Rongtingfu Primary School in Yuetai is classified as a first-class red torch primary school in the city, and there are five junior high schools corresponding to computer ranking: Shengshi, Peizheng, Huaqiao, 13 and 16, of which the first three are provincial-level, and it is said that there is a 60% chance to attend a provincial-level junior high school.

In contrast, Jia Lanxuan is more mysterious. Xiaobian consulted and sold in the process of stepping on the plate and never got an accurate answer. However, from the comparison of nearby communities, the educational resources in the area where Jia Lanxuan is located are still good. The counterpart primary school is a city-level Manchu primary school, and there are four national demonstration high schools and a provincial-level middle school nearby. The above inference can also be confirmed in the information of the advertising display board of the project sales center.

Jialanxuan sales center advertisement exhibition board

Summary:Generally speaking, these two properties are comparable in the contest of educational resources. If we consider from this point, both properties are good choices.

The regional advantages of the rebirth of uncompleted residential flats in the old district still exist.

Since it is difficult to compete in educational resources, what about the conditions of the real estate itself? As we all know, Jialanxuan and Yuetai Rongtingfu are both located in Yuexiu District, so it is inevitable that the surrounding facilities are mature, and the subway station and commercial facilities are perfect. But why does Yuexiu, which has not sold land for a long time, have a new site? The truth is uncompleted residential flats.

First of all, the most "unlucky" one is Jialanxuan. It has been more than 20 years since the indigenous residents were forced to move out in 1995, and it has been shut down many times in the middle. Finally, in early 17, this long-delayed project was officially launched. According to sales, Jialanxuan consists of two houses, A and B, and B is a relocated house, which is not for sale; Building A is a commercial house with 29 floors above ground and 3 floors underground. The first to fifth floors are commercial podium buildings, the sixth floor is an overhead floor, the seventh floor is a transfer floor, the eighth to 29th floors are residential buildings, and the first to third floors are parking lots. Huxing main 50-125 square meters of one to three-bedroom units, with a total cargo volume of only 198 households.

Jialanxuan sand table

On the other side, Rongting House in Yuetai took the land in 2003, which was also put on hold for a long time. However, there is no relocation house in Rongtingfu, Yuetai, and the cargo volume is slightly larger, totaling 235 sets. It is estimated that 97-169 square meters of three to four rooms will be launched in March, with 57 sets in Building B being the first. According to the plan, the following floor of Rongting House in Yuetai is commercial, the first floor is shops along the street, and there are three underground parking spaces, with a ratio of 1:1. In the specific location, the Rongting House in Yuetai is opposite to the Triangle City, and there is a serious injury that the Donghaoyong Elevated Road is nearby (about 20 meters by visual inspection), which will affect the living environment more or less.

Summary:In contrast, although the two properties are perfect in living facilities, their disadvantages are also quite obvious. Because Yuetai Rongting House is close to Donghaoyong Elevated Road, Jialanxuan will be slightly better.

The wonderful apartment type attracts the spit. Jia Lanxuan wants to "take the sword to the front"?

Finally, pk is carried out from the apartment type. Jialanxuan is a rare small apartment in Yuexiu District, with a minimum of 50 square meters and a maximum of 125 square meters. However, almost everyone who has seen the model house of Jialanxuan will say that Jialanxuan is a wonderful apartment. Why do you say this? Xiaobian immediately announced. First of all, look at the 87-square-meter two-bedroom, two-bedroom and one-bathroom. The biggest drawback is that there is no window in the living room, so you have to turn on the lights all the year round to keep the light adequate.

In addition, the 84-square-meter second room is also criticized by many people. There are two bedrooms, one at the door and one at the end of the living room. The kitchen and bathroom are opposite, which is also puzzling.

In addition, there are also cases of no balcony and "pistol-shaped" apartment types in Jialanxuan’s apartment types. In short, many understandings of apartment types have been refreshed.

Compared with Jia Lanxuan, Rongting House in Yuetai is much more normal. Yuetai Rongting Mansion has an improved orientation, with 97, 118 flat three rooms and 169 flat four rooms respectively. Taking the largest 169-flat four-bedroom apartment as an example, the design of three balconies is adopted, and the main suite area is more than 20 square meters, which is quite comfortable. The disadvantage is that the vision is not good enough, looking south at elevated roads and residential buildings.

Summary:In view of the fact that the design of Jialanxuan is really unacceptable, Yuetai Rongtingfu is a complete victory in terms of apartment layout. However, the apartment type of Rongting House in Yuetai is not without shortcomings, and the unit price of the project is high, so it will be more difficult to supply large apartment types. It is recommended that interested buyers consider it comprehensively before starting.

Step on the plate comments:On the whole, although the defects are obvious, the entry of Yuetai Rongtingfu and Jialanxuan into the market has added new blood to Yuexiu District, which has been in the property market for a long time. However, compared with similar products in Tianhe, Liwan and Haizhu, which are located in the same urban area, the biggest advantage of Yuexiu Property is the degree. For the degree, how many people will pay for this 50,000+price? Further, is this 50,000+worth it? I believe everyone has their own conclusion.

(Author: Chen Tingyun)

　　Traditional Chinese medicine health care is not just about eating Chinese medicine, nor does it belong to the elderly. Many friends still have some misunderstandings about traditional Chinese medicine health care. Today, Xiaobian will sort out the three most common misunderstandings. Come and see if you have been misled.

　　Benefits of TCM health preservation

　　First, prevention before illness, cure before illness. That is to say, people should actively prevent the occurrence of diseases when they are not sick. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emphasizes the internal factors of physical fitness with the statement that "healthy qi should be stored, and evil should not be done". On the one hand, it puts forward the ways of health preservation, such as "having a moderate diet, having a regular daily life, not working rashly" and "keeping the spirit inside and being safe from illness". On the other hand, people are required to "conform to the weather and be in harmony with nature" and actively eliminate the pathogenic factors to avoid or reduce their harm to the human body, so as to ensure that they will not get sick or not get sick. Prevention before illness coincides with the modern new medical model of "prevention first". It contains rich contents such as recuperating spirit, physical exercise, reasonable diet, timely health preservation and scientific medication.

　　Second, prevent the disease from changing and treat it at the beginning of the disease. That is to say, after getting sick, we should take active measures to prevent the disease from getting worse. Generally speaking, the transformation of diseases is a process from superficial to internal, from light to heavy, and from simple to complex. Therefore, in the process of preventing and treating diseases, we must master the occurrence, development and transformation ways of diseases, so as to make early diagnosis, effective treatment and cure before the onset of diseases worsens.

　　Third, do everything in addition to evil, so that the disease can be cured and prevented. The so-called "prevention after recovery" means that after recovery or stable illness, we should pay attention to preventing recurrence and always grasp the "initiative" of health. After the initial recovery, most patients are weak, which requires doing everything in addition to evil in rehabilitation medical treatment. In view of the pathological characteristics of the patient, such as deficiency of qi and blood, deficiency of body fluid, deficiency of spleen and kidney, blood stasis and phlegm resistance, comprehensive measures are taken to promote the function of zang-fu organs to return to normal as soon as possible, so as to achieve the goal of recovering from pathogenic factors and preventing the disease from recurring.

　　Three misunderstandings in TCM health preservation

　　Traditional Chinese medicine health preservation is exclusive to the elderly

　　When it comes to "keeping in good health", many friends think it is exclusive to the elderly, and sometimes they even disdain to hear the knowledge related to "keeping in good health", but in fact "keeping in good health" does not belong only to the elderly.

　　Many people don’t pay attention to their health when they are young, but when they are old, they desperately chase after Chinese medicine for health preservation. In fact, we can think that TCM health care is a physical maintenance project. The sooner you start health care, the better your body structure and performance will be. From this point of view, the effect of young people’s health care is often much more significant than that of old people.

　　Health preservation is just taking medicine.

　　Many people often ask relatives, friends and experienced old people for some prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for health preservation. After drinking them, they feel that they are harmless, and they don’t care about the laws of life, ruining their health. In the end, it is not worth the candle. In addition to drinking some drugs to balance the body, TCM health care should also pay attention to maintaining a regular diet and routine in life.

　　Mislistening and believing, quick health care

　　Nowadays, the social atmosphere is impetuous, and people often don’t want to spend a lot of time on health care. In order to make money, those unscrupulous traders have come up with a quick "health care prescription". Many people mistakenly believe in some health-care drugs and so-called "crash" methods promoted by advertisements. The final result is that after eating health-care foods and traditional Chinese medicines, they feel that they have no effect, thinking that the "drugs" are not good, they will continue to change their medicines or give up health care.