标签： 上海夜网论坛

　　CCTV News:In the development process of hydrogen energy industry, reducing cost and ensuring safety are two core concerns. In the face of this emerging industry, how to answer the public’s concerns? Let’s take a look at the answers given by the guests in the "On Tao" column.

　　Reduce industrial costs

　　Dong Yang, First Vice President of the World Automobile Organization and former Executive Vice President of China Automobile Industry Association:It is still more expensive than this gasoline car, even more expensive than the ordinary battery car. However, I will tell you that there is such a rule in automobile production. After you reach this scale of hundreds of thousands and millions, its cost will drop to one tenth of the original. Or this aircraft engine is the price of gold, and the car engine, with the same technology, is the price of cast iron.

　　Zhang Weidong, Director of Energy and Environment Project of the United Nations Development Programme:According to some experts, the cost of battery stack is 11,833 yuan per kilowatt now, and it will reach 668 yuan by 2025, which will be lower.

　　Dong Yang:Compared with the internal combustion engine, the fuel cell stack is basically a quasi-static or quasi-dynamic process, and many processes are very similar, but there is no reason to say that the stack must be more expensive than the internal combustion engine. Now it is only a matter of technical maturity and market capacity.

　　Zhang Xiaoqiang, Executive Vice President and Executive Director of China International Economic Exchange Center.To solve the cost problem of hydrogen production, if we don’t have a reasonable framework in terms of electricity price and so on, it may trouble enterprises for a long time, that is, the cost can’t be reduced. How can we have a reasonable electricity price system? For example, when using off-peak electricity, can we make it cheaper enough, so that large users can establish such a direct purchase and sale relationship, instead of adding this network fee through the power grid, resulting in high cost. Many aspects like these need government guidance.

　　For another example, we now attach importance to the utilization of hydrogen energy, especially hope that it can transform renewable clean energy, that is, water, wind and light. According to the characteristics of China, water, wind and light are concentrated in the southwest and northwest. Therefore, under the guidance of the government, we established a large-scale project in the world in the past. We called it "West-to-East Power Transmission and West-to-East Gas Transmission". Then, the next step is how to cooperate with this kind of energy and pipe network facilities in existing countries and explore in some ways. By participating in power transmission and gas transmission, and exploring new long-distance transportation of liquid hydrogen, for example, we can clean the energy in the northwest and northeast regions where energy is abundant. Apart from local consumption, because our main and most developed area is in the east, to solve these problems, I think many of them need the government to do a good job.

　　Safety standard operation

　　Guo Liejin, Academician of China Academy of Sciences:Everyone is very concerned about safety. When we were in primary school, our teacher would tell us that hydrogen would explode. The concentration of hydrogen, the concentration in space is 13% to 90%, and it is likely to explode between them. However, there is a premise for explosion. It needs to see an open flame with sufficient concentration. In Toyota and related enterprises, they all talk about the same car in their reports, which is a car filled with gasoline and a car filled with hydrogen. The chassis structure is the same. They do experiments. Under the premise of causing an explosion, the explosion of the gasoline car is completely destroyed, while the whole structure of the hydrogen fuel cell car is basically unchanged. Therefore, from this safety point of view, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are much safer than our diesel gasoline vehicles.

　　The US Department of Energy and NASA have also done the same experiment. A barrel of gasoline, a barrel of diesel oil and a barrel of liquid hydrogen are shot from a distance, and then various protective facilities are built around to see who has strong explosive ability. The damage degree of the hydrogen tank after explosion is less than half that of the first two tanks, which is between 30% and 40%. What is the reason? Because hydrogen itself is a very light thing, once it is released, it runs into the sky and you can’t find it.

　　I have a personal experience. In 1997, I started to build facilities for hydrogen energy research in my State Key Laboratory. At that time, I was also worried about safety. I installed explosion-proof facilities on all the windows of the laboratory, and put hydrogen sensitive elements called sensors at key points around me, and I debugged them myself. Then when the concentration reaches a certain level, it will call the police and the fan will directly discharge the things. But it’s been twenty-two years since this year, and it hasn’t exploded, even ringing.

　　We operate according to the rules. Don’t our gas stations have many rules? It is also dangerous goods. Why can we do it well? Hydrogen can also be done very well, and even its destructiveness is much smaller than the fuel we use now. So recently, several hydrogen refueling stations in the world have reported explosions, such as those in California, South Korea and Europe, but when you read its reports, the final result is that the harm to people is minimal. Moreover, it is not the explosion of the fuel body itself, but the auxiliary device, which is caused by irregular operation or irregular installation. So in itself, as an energy source, you can use hydrogen with confidence, but you must of course obey the rules.

　　Dong Yang:This safety mainly depends not on whether the fuel can catch fire, but on whether you have mastered the norms and whether human beings have mastered the laws. Therefore, we must pay attention to the safety issue, which is the top priority for us to develop fuel cell vehicles. It is to do it seriously, accumulate experience, solve it, and monitor it with the industrial chain and life cycle, which can completely solve this problem.

Reporter Wan Jing

Recently, the Public Opinion Analysis Report on Consumer Rights Protection in double 11 in 2023 released by China Consumers Association (hereinafter referred to as the Report) shows that China’s consumer market continues to pick up, and consumer demand tends to be diversified and personalized. In this year’s "double 11", competition for "price power" is the main theme of business marketing, and the pursuit of "cost performance" has become a new trend of residents’ consumption. However, the problem of consumer rights protection is still the focus of attention from all walks of life. The rights protection problems mainly focus on the chaos of live broadcast, the quality of goods, the bad experience of mobile phone software advertising, and the dispute over promotion price.

Live broadcast and low price become hot topics.

China Consumers Association used the Internet public opinion monitoring system to analyze the related consumer rights protection from October 20th to November 16th. The results show that consumer feedback tends to be positive as a whole, and live broadcast and low price have become hot topics of consumer rights protection in double 11 this year. Besides the old problems of preferential price dispute, counterfeiting and poor after-sales service, price monopoly and software advertising have also brought consumers a bad consumer experience.

According to the Report, consumers mainly rely on video, Weibo, clients, news websites, WeChat, forums and other channels to reflect various consumer rights protection issues. It is worth noting that this year, consumers use video release to protect their rights with the highest amount of information, accounting for 42.93%; Followed by Weibo, accounting for 24.61%; The third is the client, accounting for 15.67%. This also reflects the "fancy renovation" of China’s consumer rights protection channels. The new media technology has been more and more widely accepted by consumers, and it has shown good "rights protection strength" in the actual consumer rights protection.

According to the monitoring data of China Consumers Association, the negative information about "live broadcast with goods" reached 1.565 million, accounting for 47.99% of the spit information, with an average daily information of 55,900. The amount of relevant information is mainly concentrated in the first half of double 11, reaching a peak of 94,700 on October 25th. The negative information of "live broadcast with goods" involves price monopoly, vulgar goods, false propaganda and other issues.

The case of rights protection disclosed in the Report shows that the anchor who made his fortune by judging ugliness in the "live broadcast with goods" is causing more people to resent it.

In addition, the problem of "fake and shoddy" commodity quality involved in "live broadcast with goods" can not be ignored. According to the monitoring data of China Consumers Association, there are more than 870,000 negative messages related to "commodity quality", accounting for 26.68% of the spit information. These negative messages were concentrated in the early days of "double 11" and reached the peak on October 25th, with 55,600 messages.

In addition to the problem of "live broadcast with goods", another "slot" that double 11 consumers spit out this year is the bad experience of mobile phone software advertising. People’s hot topics focus on the many forced jumps in mobile phone software advertisements, which make consumers hard to prevent and have a particularly headache.

According to the Report, many users have been voicing on social platforms recently, saying that their mobile phones are often disturbed by "shake" jump advertisements, and if they are not careful, they will jump to the "double 11" special session of shopping software, which is unbearable.

The dispute over promotion price is still the focus.

During the "double 11" this year, the old problems such as "promotional price dispute" are still the focus of consumer complaints, which mainly reflect the problems that merchants and platforms arbitrarily change preferential policies, suddenly cut prices, fail to protect prices, and induce consumers to cancel orders. For example, the recent incident that the price of the iPhone15′ double 11′ was reduced in the last two hours, which was highly concerned by public opinion, made many consumers who bought the iPhone 15 in the early stage of the "double 11" campaign feel that they were "backstab in price".

According to the Report, there are 63,800 negative messages about "promotional price disputes", accounting for 1.96% of the spit messages, with an average of 2,277 messages per day. The overall trend fluctuates and rises. On October 31, November 10 and November 13, spit messages appeared in a concentrated manner, with the highest amount of information on November 10, at 4,635.

According to the analysis of China Consumers Association, this year’s routines of platforms and businesses have been simplified, which are all attributed to "low prices", but more new competitions have also been derived from this. The progress of science and technology and the development of live broadcast format have brought more convenience to consumers, but their extensive management and loopholes have also affected consumers’ shopping experience to some extent. Specific performance in the following three aspects:

Simplification of rules does not mean that there are no rules, and the integrity consciousness and contract spirit of merchants need to be improved. "Price power" is the key to strengthening user stickiness in major platforms this year, and consumers are more sensitive to price than ever this year. However, this year, there are still cases of preferential policies adjustment or even direct price reduction after the final payment, and consumers have said that they have "encountered backstab". Behind the "shopping" of low prices, businesses and platforms should realize that the formulation of preferential policies should follow the market rules and the spirit of contract, and it is not acceptable to raise prices first and then lower prices. The constant change of prices for the second time will also hurt consumers’ feelings and brand image.

More and more new platforms and businesses are entering the market, and the government’s assistance and supervision of platforms need to be strengthened. This year’s "double 11" is the most attended by small and medium-sized businesses and Internet platforms, and the foundation of these "fresh blood" is relatively weak. Behind the chaos of "rollover" of live broadcast, there are vulgar goods and false propaganda caused by chasing traffic, counterfeiting and refund disputes caused by craving for income, and lack of after-sales service caused by imperfect system. Merchants and brands need not only more intimate assistance policies, but also stricter regulatory measures, so as to seek the improvement of quality and service beyond low prices and adapt to the trend of diversified consumption.

Drainage advertisements should be "convenient" rather than "disturbing people", and related App behaviors must be restricted and guided. In this year’s "double 11", consumers nicknamed it "all roads are electrified". Frequent and chaotic jumping of open-screen advertisements is a short-sighted behavior, which may bring some convenience to consumers, but more often it leads to consumers’ disgust and resistance. From the advertiser’s point of view, this approach may get a certain amount of clicks, but it consumes the user’s goodwill and trust. Open-screen advertising governance has been introduced at the beginning of the year, but it still needs e-commerce platforms, App developers and businesses to reach a consensus and strengthen self-discipline.

Consumers should be assured of their peace of mind.

The reporter found that this year’s "double 11" consumer rights protection public opinion was mostly triggered by the "low price" promotion of platforms and merchants. Platforms, anchors, merchants and consumers played games with each other in order to obtain the greatest benefits, and innovation and change were also in line with the characteristics of the current economic environment.

Liu Junhai, executive director of China Consumers Association and a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, believes that China has entered a stage of high-quality development, and people’s yearning for a better life has generally shifted from "whether there is" to "whether it is good". With the improvement of residents’ income level, the consumption structure has gradually shifted from survival to development and enjoyment, and the people’s requirements for the quality, environmental protection and safety of goods and services have also been continuously improved. Guided by the concept of high-quality development, the government conforms to the trend of people’s consumption upgrading and vigorously promotes green consumption, intelligent consumption and healthy consumption. Among them, it is also very important to constantly improve the consumption environment and solve all kinds of market consumption disputes.

In this regard, the Report also suggested that the future market competition should adhere to refinement, institutionalization and standardization, and provide consumers with more cost-effective products, better services and more convenient consumption experience with the help of digitalization and AI empowerment. Platforms and businesses should aim at "price power" and continue to exert their strength, adhere to legal compliance, tap consumer demand, and provide consumers with more cost-effective products. At the same time, seek to improve the "service power" and win the favor of consumers with better service and low price strategy.

The platform should earnestly fulfill its management responsibilities and maintain market order. On the one hand, give more support to small and medium-sized businesses, reduce service fees, provide support policies and conduct professional training to stimulate market vitality. On the other hand, we should strictly supervise false propaganda and price misleading, eliminate the chaos of live broadcast, improve the professional quality of anchors and create a level playing field.

The regulatory authorities should continuously improve their regulatory capacity and level in the field of live broadcasting. Make good use of scientific and technological strength, use emerging technologies to develop new means of supervision, and further strengthen the standardized management of platforms, anchors, businesses, etc. Be wary of "price monopoly" and "new routines" to ensure consumers’ peace of mind.

The media should play a greater role in guiding consumer behavior and helping consumer rights protection. Guide consumers to establish a correct consumption concept through public opinion propaganda, improve consumers’ awareness of discrimination, and enhance their resistance to induced consumption; Constantly broaden the channels of consumer rights protection, pay attention to the information of consumer rights protection on social media platforms, guide and help consumers to rationally protect their rights, and provide consumers with more rights protection.